Which One Are You?
Compulsive Overeating and Binge Eating Disorder
Compulsive overeating and binge eating disorder are two separate conditions with a great deal in common. Compulsive overeaters generally exhibit compulsive behaviors around food, eating, and body image. Their eating behaviors can actually interfere with daily functioning. Compulsive overeaters eat for relief, comfort, and as a way of nurturing themselves. They eat because they are stressed, bored, afraid, and/or lonely. Frequently they will plan the next meal while they are eating this one. They feel they are out of control with food.
They will engage in binge eating where they eat an excessive amount within a two-hour period. They will graze where they have no planned meals but rather will eat a large amount of food throughout the day. Compulsive overeaters feel a tremendous amount of guilt and fear about not being able to stop eating and they frequently eat until they are feeling uncomfortably full. They feel as if they are not "good enough," and generally have very low self-esteem.
Compulsive overeaters will eat privately and surreptitiously. They feel shame about their excessive eating and about being fat or obese and will use food and eating as a way of coping with these feelings. They have sought help many different places in an attempt to lose weight or control their weight. They have engaged in strict dieting or fasting programs and community weight loss programs. Out of desperation, they have tried diet pills, prescription weight loss medications, laxatives, and diuretics. They'll have frequent weight fluctuations often exceeding 10 pounds. Most people who are compulsive overeaters or binge eaters are overweight.
A person may be a compulsive overeater without having binge eating disorder. Binge eating disorder is characterized by episodes of binge eating. The "textbook" definition of binge eating disorder is as follows (however keep in mind that there are as many variations as there are differences among people!).
An episode of binge eating is characterized by both of the following:
- Eating, in a discrete period of time (e.g., within any 2-hour period), an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances;
- A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode (e.g., a feeling that one cannot stop eating or control what or how much one is eating).
The binge eating episodes are associated with at least three of the following:
- Eating much more rapidly than normal.
- Eating until feeling uncomfortably full.
- Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry
- Eating alone because of being embarrassed by how much one is eating
- Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or feeling very guilty after overeating
- Marked distress regarding binge eating
- The binge eating occurs, on average, at least 2 days a week for 6 months.
- The binge eating is not associated with the regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviors (e.g., purging, fasting, excessive exercise) and does not occur exclusively during the course of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.
Whether a person has binge eating disorder or is a compulsive overeater, emotional pain associated with these conditions is no different. Nor are the medical complications. Both groups are at risk for:
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure
- High blood cholesterol levels
- Gallbladder disease
- Heart disease or CVD (cardio-vascular disease)
- Certain types of cancer
- Liver damage