Is there any reason I can't eat the exact same foods, just in reduced amounts?
Yes, you can eat some of the same foods you eat when you bulk when you cut. Approach on diet can depend on many personal factors, such as ones personal goals and whether complications occur as body fat drops (then there may be a need of more advanced approach in diet).
Yes, it is in fact about calories in versus calories out (the law of energy balance), but one can use this equation in conjunction with tweaking the three nutrients, and gain additional benefits that may be applicable to ones goal.
There are many approaches to diet in a "cut", and here are just three short "examples":
1. A rather traditional approach, a calorie deficit and maintaining a clean diet (where the food choices are more open in reference to personal choices and personal food restrictions, 2. A low-carb diet (not Ketogenic), trying to keep insulin levels relatively low during the day, with timing carbs around pre and post workouts where they are needed the most, and maintaining a small calorie deficit, and the last "example", 3. A very low carb diet (which is Ketogenic), which can be more restrictive and most difficult, than the low-carb diet.
Bare in mind these are very "brief" examples. In numbers 2 and 3, carbs are "restricted" to a degree, and this can provide severe limits if not completely eliminating, breads and whole grains (which tend to carry a lot of complex carbs). In number 1, one CAN eat bread (I am assuming the "good" types of bread here), maintain a deficit, and lose fat tissue just fine and dandy (I personally eat bread when on a traditional diet, and lose weight rather well). Bare in mind, if I were to learn that bread was causing a problem in fat tissue loss, I would in fact eliminate it (without thinking twice) when traditionally dieting (I am just referring to calorie deficit dieting as "traditional"). Some assume one has to eat clean to lose fat tissue, this is NOT the case. While not eating clean can be unhealthy and not optimal (of course!), it is NOT required if the calories are correct.
What type of diet that is chosen, just depends on the individual's prior history (health, coming off a bulk, how fast or how slow the fat loss is wanted, etc, etc, etc,). The type of diet (and I am assuming training is being completed here), should be tailored to the persons goal structure.
If for example, one wants to lose weight rather quickly (and be on the diet a short time), one can use a deficit and low-carb approach and time carbs around pre and post workouts (IMO). This diet, for example, would possibly eliminate breads, and other foods that may be high in starch and carbs, but not completely or practically eliminate carbs (its just that the "type of foods with carbs are changed").
For example, I eat very clean, when deficit dieting, and just have to restrict calories a small bit (when considering all activities I am doing), and my body fat will drop. However, as soon as I see fat tissue loss slowing or stopping, I will change (and this is based on closely watching my prior history in doing this), and switch to the low-carb approach in conjunction with a deficit. With me, the lower the BF gets, the harder or slower it seems to come off. And, based on prior history, "the bottom out BF" (as I call it), is about 10%--before I have to switch to other methods to lower my body fat further (which went down to 8%, approx). Presently, I am at 9.5% (checked today, YIPPIE!), and I had not had to change at the moment, and I am right on track, baby! In a few weeks, I will see 8%, there is no doubt in my mind, this is going to happen: I am the BOSS my body isn't.
When traditionally deficit dieting, I will eat (for example, just a brief synopsis): LGB-Rice, Old fashioned oat meal, Pita bread (only has three ingredients), NPB, eggs, tuna (dark or white), chicken (baked and skinless), a variety of pre-selected low calories beverages (Crystal Lite, etc), variety of veggies, and designed pre and post workout meals; however, some of the types of food can change once or if I enter into a different diet approach (if this proves necessary).
Stay
TOUGH, be
ROUGH, and you will get
BUFF!
Best regards,
Chillen