Links please? To the scientific literature?
800 cals a day is considered a VLCD (very low calorie diet) and shouldn't be attempted or encouraged unless the dieter is under the care of a doctor or following a VERY specific program that makes sure they're getting all the nutrients they need.
It is practically impossible for people to get enough nutrients on VLCDs unless properly supervised. And it's inadvisable for any long term plan to be based on a VLCD.
I agree. In fact, no diet should be undertaken without the advice of a professional (I won't say doctor here, because some doctors don't know the first thing about nutrition and there are many other competent professionals who know which markers to keep an eye on) but if everyone did that, this forum wouldn't exist.
Most people don't get enough nutrients through an energy balanced diet. So, I should have been more careful to mention proper supplementation, to dieters and non-dieters alike.
Of course a long-term plan wouldn't include a VLCD. They're not meant for that. But, if someone needs/wants to lose a substantial amount of weight quickly, a VLCD can help.
Here's a paper regarding the use of MRP VLCDs:
Li Z, Bowerman S, Heber D: Meal Replacement: A Valuable Tool for Weight Management. Obesity Management 2007, 2:23-28.
Here are some studies which use 800kcal/day for weight loss:
Bryner RW, Ullrich IH, Sauers J, Donley D, Hornsby G, Kolar M, Yeater R. Effects of resistance vs. aerobic training combined with an 800 calorie liquid diet on lean body mass and resting metabolic rate. J Am Coll Nutr 1999; 18(2):115-21.
Donnelly JE, Pronk NP, Jacobsen DJ, Pronk SJ, Jakicic JM. Effects of a very-low-calorie diet and physical-training regimens on body composition and resting metabolic rate in obese females. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 54(1):56-61.
Donnelly JE, Sharp T, Houmard J, et al. Muscle hypertrophy with large-scale weight loss and resistance training. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 58(4):561-565.
Hunter GR, Byrne NM, Sirikul B, et al. Resistance training conserves fat-free mass and resting energy expenditure following weight loss. Obesity 2008; 16(5):1045-1051.
Whatley JE, Gillespie WJ, Honig J, Walsh MJ, Blackburn AL. Does the amount of endurance exercise in combination with weight training and a very-low-energy diet affect resting metabolic rate and body composition? Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 59(5):1088-1092.