Not exactly.
Table sugar is sucrose. Dextrose is just another name for glucose. Glycogen and glucose are important for the brain/good health, and muscle development.
Sucrose is fructose and glucose linked by a glycosidic bond. So yes, table sugar gets you dextrose/glucose. Soda, sweets, fruits and half the dry foods in a grocery seem to use some form of sugar, and just about all sugars are
nearly the same in there ratios of monosaccharides and glycogen.
Its always a see-saw battle concerning sugar though... when I was growing up fructose was good, sucrose was bad... sucrose has fructose but high concentrations of fructose in high fructose corn syrup is bad now... Now it seems all your body really needs is the glucose, so I guess the dietary supplement is the healthiest choice... but its not necessary if you consume anything with high fructose corn syrup, sugar or honey. Really... you'd be suprised at all the juices, canned foods and packaged foods that use high fructose corn syrup.
Just like fat and cholesterol there's good and bad and the verdict seems to change every few years.
I couldn't find any health risks on glucose or glycogen though, if anyone has more info I'd be interested on it.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrose
http://www.answers.com/topic/sugarcane